Abstract: Based on the data of 41 counties in the center of Yunnan Province, and applying the GIS and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods, this paper studied the spatial structure of regional population urbanization, explored the main influencing factors by factor analysis, and analyzed their characteristics by OLS and GWR models. Results show that: 1) Population urbanization levels of the central Yunnan areas were generally low with great spatial differences. The levels of population urbanization decayed obviously with distances; 2) There was significant global spatial autocorrelation of population urbanization in Central Yunnan. While the local correlation of population urbanization levels was not obvious, indicating that the process of urbanization in each county was isolated; 3) Main influencing factors include economic development, agriculture production, and industrial structure, with economic development as the most active one, followed by industrial structure and agricultural production; and 4）the influencing forces increase from the north to the south for economic development, from the West to the East for agriculture production and from the Southwest to the Northeast for industrial structure. This research suggests that it is necessary to promote the process of population urbanization, to speed up the adjustment and upgrading of agricultural structure, and to optimize industrial structure.