Abstract: Seed variety, as the most fundamental support material for seeds, essentially guarantee the quality and yield of seeds. It is also the base of food security and agricultural sustainable development. Currently, the research and development of bio-technology, the arrangement of Multinational Corporation in China have made the crop variety security in China facing uncertain risks and even strategic threats. On the basis of defining the concept and connotation of variety security, this paper examined the crop variety total, the general trends, the structure, the distribution, the international development, the competition trends and other aspects of variety registration, variety exit, variety protection, and threatening factors. Results show that: 1) the existing variety registration system is not perfect, and the dynamic management mechanism on variety exit should be adopted; 2) in general, the number of applications and authorizations of crop variety rapidly grow, and the species structure changes from field crops domination to diversification; 3) the Chinese breeding system structure developed diversely, but the real norms and institutions of commercial operations were not well developed; 4) from the aspect of regional distribution of variety right, there is a large difference in the degree of protection and development of new variety among all provinces in China, and the number of applications and authorizations of variety right in China are smaller than that of other developed countries; and 5) the commercial development of biotechnology and transgenic crops and the settlement of transnational seed companies in China are critical factors influencing the pricing right of seeds and controlling the variety right of China.