Abstract: China and European Union(EU) are the important agricultural trade partners. Based on the data from UN COMTRADE Database during 2000-2013, this paper applies revealed competitive advantage index, comprehensive trade complementary index, modified export similarity index and trade intensity index to analyze the comparative advantage and growth potential of agricultural trade between China and EU. Results indicate that there is a big difference in category and comparative advantage of traded agricultural products between China and EU. Strong complementarity are found between China’s agricultural exports and EU agricultural imports and the complementarity is increasing, while weak complementarity exists between EU agricultural exports and China’s agricultural imports. China and EU also have some similarity for agricultural exports in the world market and the similarity is decreasing. The export markets of agricultural products of China and EU show some similarity, but China and EU’s agricultural exports have some structural difference. In summary, China and EU are close trade partners of agricultural products. This paper also provides some policy recommendations to promote the stable growth of agricultural exports of China to EU.