Abstract: Applying the DEA (data envelopment analysis) window analysis method which makes up for the insufficient number of decision making units (DMUs), this paper selects corn, rice, and wheat in grain-producing regions to investigate the water utilization efficiency and its influencing factors between 2003 and 2012. Results show that the water utilization efficiency has been improved a lot over time, but much lower than the improvement of technical efficiency. The water utilization efficiencies are different among the three selected crops, with corn the highest, rice the lowest, and wheat in between. While the technical efficiencies show different order, with rice the highest, wheat the lowest, and corn in between. In addition, the water utilization efficiency in major grain-producing provinces is higher than that in non-major grain-producing provinces. And the lower price of agriculture water doesn’t really reflect its economic value. Based on the above analysis results, it is suggested that grain-producing regions should introduce advanced equipment and irrigation technology in addition to formulating appropriate pricing mechanism on the basis of the characteristics of local crops and environment to improve the water utilization efficiency.