Abstract: Classifying rural development types and further assessing the rurality is helpful to promote urbanization. In this paper, 126 counties in Henan Province are classified as five rural development types; Furthermore, the rurality of each county in 2000 and 2012 are assessed using a rurality evaluation model. The number of counties that belong to agriculture-dominated type, industry-dominated type, business, tourism and providing services oriented type, balanced development typeⅠ and balanced development typeⅡare 26, 30, 14, 17 and 39, respectively. The number of counties that belongs to agriculture-dominated rural development type and balanced rural development Ⅱtype accounts for about 54.76% of the total number of counties. This means that Henan economy is relatively backward compared with the developed provinces in China. In addition, there is an obvious pattern for rurality degree at county level. The degree of rurality is higher in eastern plain region than in western mountain area and the degree rurality for agriculture-dominated type and balanced development typeⅡ are higher than that in business, tourism and providing service oriented counties. Counties with higher degree of rurality are mostly located in the Hebei-Shandong- Henan low-lying plain area, Southeastern of Huang-Huai plain area and Eastern hilly-mountainous region of Hubei-Henan-Anhui. The mean degree of rurality at county level in Henan decreases from 0.6844 in 2000 to 0.5844 in 2012. In addition, the degree of rurality decreases more evident in balanced development type Ⅰ than other types.