Abstract: In this paper, taking typical cold-waterlogged paddy field in Minhou County, Fujian Province as an example, 2-year continuous monitoring and contrast were carried out to study the ground water level and microclimatic characteristics between cold-waterlogged paddy field and not cold-waterlogged paddy field (grey clayey field) at same drainage basin as well as their differences. The results show that ground water levels which take place in 0-50cm range below the ground vary from wide range for grey clayey field, but for cold-waterlogged paddy field, ground water levels which take place in 10-40cm range up the ground and yearly higher by 49.3cm than that of grey clayey field vary gently. The total reducing substances of cold-waterlogged paddy field is 2.8 times as many as that of grey clayey field, and the content of ferrous ion is 1.8 times as well. Compared with the grey clayey field, the yearly photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) of cold-waterlogged field is reduced by 26.9%, with showed significantly difference. In comparison to grey clayey field, the surface temperature, 5cm, 10cm and 15cm geotherm of cold-waterlogged paddy field are lower by 0.4℃, 0.4℃, 0.5℃ and 0.6℃ during single cropping rice growth period (from June to October), respectively, and the differences between the two type of soil become more obvious in September and October at heading and filling stage, especially. In addition, the average air temperature of cold-waterlogged paddy field is also lower by 0.6℃ than that of grey clayey field. The possible integrated reasons why the cold-waterlogged field become low productivity are including higher ground water level with strong reducing substances, lower PAR and geotherm decreased quickly at late growth of rice stage compared with Not cold-waterlogged paddy field. Above are important microclimatic characteristics for cold-waterlogged paddy field. Based on microclimatic characteristics, some countermeasure were offered including engineer and agricultural aspect for cold-waterlogged paddy field.