Abstract: We employ spatial analysis technology of ArcGIS software and landscape ecology method to analyze the spatial distribution, scale distribution and landscape pattern of urban and rural settlements in Sanjiang plain. The results indicate that: firstly, all the urban and rural settlements are sparse except in the southeast and west regions. The settlements density is low in northeastern and the farm-reclamation ecotone. In a word, the spatial distribution of settlements shows aggregated, but the degree is relatively low. Secondly, scale distribution of urban and rural settlements shows a weak spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution of settlement is higher in southern than in northern of Sanjiang plain and the spatial association type is mainly positive correlation (high-high type). Thirdly, the percent of the urban and rural settlements patch area is very low, which indicates that the mainly landscape in this region is cultivated land and the settlements development is slow. The patch number shows differentiation obviously. Most of the settlements scale is small and the discrete degree is high. The patch shape of settlements is regular and the degree of fragmentation is low. Therefore, the distribution of large quantity, small scale and scattered layout of urban and rural settlements in state farms makes it hard to play agglomeration function. It is necessary to develop concentration as a whole and optimize the urban space layout.