Abstract: This article gives the definition of experience farmers and knowledge farmers, and also analyze the significance, necessity and inevitability of the experience farmers transition to the knowledge farmers in the process of traditional agriculture convert to modernization agriculture, besides, through compare to the education level among the rural residents, the rural labors who work in the second and third industry and the primary industry labor force. The results were showed that the average years of education were 8.30, 9.48 and 7.64 years, respectively. To compared with the education level of the primary industry labor force in China with other countries, the education level is much lower than that of the developed countries and can’t meet the technology quality demands of agriculture modernization in China. To probe the situations and problems of agricultural education in China, the target oriented of agriculture higher education are not cultivating farmers, the talent quantity of the education with record of formal schooling are insufficient, agricultural vocational technology education knowledge contents are not combined with the modernization agriculture needs very well and the agricultural policies are not executed well enough. Therefore, some suggestions and policy can be get from this study, such as implementing free education in agriculture vocation, selecting candidates of students, absorbing modern agriculture knowledge in teaching course, setting up the industry access system in agriculture step by step for absorbing the students graduated from the agriculture specialty into the primary industry.