Abstract: Rural human capital investment helps to improve farmers' living ability and production capacity, increase farmers' income, adjust and optimize the industrial structures of agriculture, enhance farmers' employment ability and entrepreneurial ability, promote good changes of agricultural policies and rural systems and cultivate the new professional farmers. However, at present, rural human capital level in China is not high and there is a big gap between gender, urban-rural and regions. It can't meet the needs of the development of agricultural modernization. Therefore, The path selections of rural human capital investment in China are proposed:to be fully aware of the importance of rural human capital investment; to develop all types of education in rural areas vigorously; to strengthen the skills training of the rural labor forces effectively; to further improve the social security systems in rural areas; to make an effort to build a unified urban and rural labor forces market; to guide rural intellect backflow reasonably; to cultivate the local pillar industries and characteristic industries actively; to improve the degree of organization of farmers steadily and to create the learning countryside.