Abstract: Though the dual economic structure transformation is very important for the sustainable development of Chinese economy and the building of well-off society in all-round way in China, its development is affected severely by the urban-rural digital divide. This paper analyzes the impacts of the urban-rural digital divide on the dual economic structure transformation in four dimensions:the transfer of rural surplus labors, agricultural modernization, optimization of industrial structure, and construction of the new countryside; Countermeasures were puts forward in aspects of the improvement of government functions, construction of information infrastructure, information technology services and promotion, and improvement of the farmers’ information literacy.