Abstract: Heilongjiang Province, as the nation’s major grain production base and major grain producing province, has been among the front rank of nation’s grain output. In 2011, its grain output reached 57.15billion kg and became the first grain producing province of the nation. Farmers’ income is also rising and their per capita income reached 7,1yuan in 2011which is more than the national average of 6,7yuan for 614yuan. The paper constructs the coordination index to judge the coordination between food production and farmers’ income with reference to the comparative advantage theory; analyzes the main reason for low coordination:imperfect exterior compensation mechanism of grain producing, unreasonable farmers’ income structure and low grain purchase price. The paper puts up with some countermeasures, including construct perfect compensation mechanism of grain producing, develop high value-added grain production, support the development of township enterprises, strike low grade and price coming from the grain merchants and protect farmers’ interests.