Abstract: This paper analyzes the issues such as disharmony between peasantry’s development status and requirements of modernization construction, desynchrony between the development of peasantry and other social groups, imbalanced internal development of farmer group; as well as the causes of the generated urban and rural dual structure constraints, inequality in development environment and opportunities for farmers, and farmers’ weak subject consciousness on development. It comes up with solutions to solve farmers’ development problems in terms of eliminating the constraints of traditional dual structure of social economy, providing farmers with equal rights, environment and opportunities for development, and strengthening the subjectivity for farmers’ self-development.