Abstract: With the 136 counties in Hebei Province to be research objects and selecting agricultural production inputs and outputs indices in 1998, 2003 and 2008, this paper made use of non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) method to analyze the changes of agricultural production efficiency of the counties, including the changes of the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, then the hierarchical effectiveness of DEA was used to rank the DEA-inefficient areas. The results show that the mean of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of all counties in Hebei Province show a decreasing trend respectively during the study period. The number of DEA-efficient counties do not increases obviously, but the problem of excessive input existed in the DEA-inefficient counties, so there is large improvement space on the agricultural production efficiency in these counties.