Abstract: It is a crucial way to optimize the regional industrial structure and achieve full employment via promoting the coordination of the industrial structure and employment structure. Based on the statistics data from 1998 to 2009 in Chongqing, this paper studies the changing trend and the dynamic relation between the industrial structure and employment structure directly under the central government, carries on the analysis to the economical development and the employment drawing question by the theory of structure deviation degree of industrial structure and employment structure, relative labor productivity and employment elasticity. We find that the coordination between industrial structure and employment structure in Chongqing is not strong, the adjustment of employment structure lags behind in the industrial structure. Then put forward the policy proposal of the coordination development of the Chongqing industrial structure adjustment and the full employment goal, by the way of changing the growth mode of economic, further promoting the optimization of industrial structure and employment structure, accelerating the process of urban and rural as a whole.