Abstract: This paper calculates the ecological footprint of Wuhan City from 2000 to 2008 using the theory of ecological footprint and relevant economic data, and analyses the causes of its change, finally combines the method of qualitative and quantitative to analyze the drivers of ecological footprint changes of Wuhan City. The results shows that: (1) the ecological footprint of Wuhan showed continuous increasing trend, per capital ecological footprint had increased from 2.5054 hm2 in 2000 to 3.2090 hm2 in 2008, the change of population structure and growth in productivity are the main factors to promote per capita ecological footprint increased; (2) the per capita ecological carrying capacity of Wuhan has been declined, which from 0.3252 hm2 in 2000 reduced to 0.2749 hm2 in 2008, the change of land use structure is an important factor making ecological carrying capacity changed; (3) the ecological deficit level has been increased, which shows that as socio-economic development, pressure of resources and environment in Wuhan increased. To achieve sustainable development in Wuhan, on the one hand, to increase the supply of resources is needed, on the other hand, we need to reduce resource consumption and optimize the industrial structure.