Abstract: The promotion of regional agriculture competitiveness is the key to solve the Three Rural Issues. This paper used factor analysis to evaluate the agriculture competitiveness of 14 prefecture-level cities in Gansu Province for the years of 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012. At the same time, we have summarized the spatial-temporal regular pattern of the agriculture competitiveness in Gansu Province by combining the level distribution and the spatial interpolation regular pattern of the agriculture competitiveness in different sections. The research indicates that there are significant imbalance of the agriculture development in Gansu Province, and the geographical distribution shows an apparent trend from dispersion to centralization, it could be classified into three basic types: strong type, moderate type and weak type, while strong type regions were Gansu Corridor, moderate type regions were East and Central Gansu, weak type regions were Longnan, Linxia and Gannan; the agriculture space expansion capability is highly positive correlated with the level of its competitiveness, and shows the indication of the extreme point to point from the point-axes to planar network; The three driving aspects of agriculture policy orientation, resources endowment and economic orientation, industrial structure growth orientation are the main driving factors which lead to the spatial pattern replacement of agriculture competitiveness.