Abstract: Based on six kinds of main carbon sources from agricultural production, this research calculates the carbon emission of agricultural land in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2011. The result shows that the average annual growth rate of agricultural land carbon emission and carbon intensity increased by 6.0% and 5.8% since 2000, respectively. Among the six carbon sources of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, plastic sheeting, diesel, tillage and irrigation, the average annual growth rates of the carbon emission was 2.8%, 17.7%, 7.6%, 5.4%, 0.3%, and 1.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the factors which could affect the carbon emission are analyzed by the model of LMDI. Result shows that the incremental proportion of carbon emission caused by productivity, industrial structure, economic level and labor force was -15.18%,-4.46%, 44.19%, and 0.34% from 2000 to 2011, respectively, which indicates that the efficiency and structure mainly restrain the carbon emission, however, the labor force was one of the factors to increase carbon emission, which is not obviously. Actually, the level of agricultural economy was the dominant factor to increase carbon emission in Gansu. Finally, some policy suggestions are proposed to reduce agricultural land use carbon emissions for Gansu Province.