Abstract: To recognize the variation characteristic of agricultural economy is of great significance to organize agricultural production. In order to find the differences of the agriculture economy in Gansu Province, we select the counties of Gansu Province as study unit, take gross agricultural output and gross agricultural output per capital as the basic data, through the analysis method of quadrant map and Theil index, we find that:the overall level of development is low, but there are differences in the development of the agricultural economy, and the differences continue to decrease in the study phase. The number of counties which above the average development level is less than which under the average development level, which means that few regions promote the development of the agriculture economy. Compared with the difference between regions and difference within regions, the difference between regions is larger than difference within regions, which is the major contributor to regional differences. Among the differences between regions, the most significant is in Hexi Corridor. In space, agricultural economy presents that the most development region is in Hexi Corridor, while the worst is in nationality region. Among the 5relative agricultural economy growth types, numbers of stagnation counties and dynamic counties are small, and most of the counties with growth potentiality in agriculture economic development in the future.