Abstract: Source region of Huanjiang River is a famous mining area. The farmland soil of the two sides of Great Huanjiang River was polluted seriously by heavy metal for long time, unreasonable mineral utilization. Here, to survey and analysis pollution status, we collected 127soil samples in the farmlands of the two sides of Great Huanjiang River. The results showed that the experimental region was mainly polluted by Cd, Zn, Pb. And the pollution probability of these elements were 60.63%, 45.60% and 11.81%, respectively. The pollution of Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, and As were less than Cd, Zn, and Pb. Individual pollution and integrated pollution index indicated overall soil pollution was quite serious, and had potential health risks, and pollution was mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches. Engineering control measures or changing land-use mode of contaminated farmland is recommended in seriously polluted areas. In other words, land use patterns will be redesigned according to the characteristics of soil resources.