Abstract: There is an uneven distribution of environmental interests under the influence of the development gap between urban and rural. The gap of urban-rural environmental interests is a problem of social order, and the focus highlights under urban-rural dual system. This paper describes the gap of urban-rural development and environmental degradation of rural, and constructs empirical urban-rural environmental interests distribution. Basic reasons of unfair distribution of environmental interests are lopsided institutional arrangements. A harmonious social order needs favorable allocation of legal rights and special care of politics.