Abstract: With the era of an aging population, China''s agricultural population aging is becoming more and more serious, showing some characteristics, including fast speed, old before getting rich, significant regional differences, etc. Agricultural population aging has a great impact on modern agriculture, not only resulted in the shortage of agricultural labor, but also limits the agricultural capital investment, while intensified the waste of agricultural land resources, which is a serious impediment to the development of modern agriculture. To face the agricultural population aging, one should endeavor to protect the force of traditional production factors - labor, capital elements to encourage farmers back to farming, strengthen the capacity of agricultural working-age staff training, fully develop old agricultural labor resources, increase agricultural capital investment; other new production factors - technology, information elements in agricultural production should also play an active role in the promotion of agricultural technology and advanced farming tools, establish and improve the agricultural market information service platform.