Abstract: The National Principal Function Regionalization and The 12th Five-Year Plan has set an strategic landscape of ecological security based on Two Barriers And Three Belts. Taking the land cover map data in 2000,5and 2010as main data source, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the changes of the land cover and landscape pattern in Southern Hillside during 2000-2010. The hillside secures the ecological environment in southern and southwest China. Transfer matrix and landscape pattern indexing are used for the analysis. The results shows that:(1) The main types of the land cover in southern hillside area were woodland and cultivated land in 2000-2010, accounting for 75% and 20% separately. (2) The transformation between woodland and cultivated land was the main type of the changes. The ecological protection projects e.g., ''concede the land to forestry'' and ''set apart hills for forestry'', that have been undertaken with agriculture economic activates, worked. (3) The patches in landscape declines in its number and are forming simpler patterns. Landscape pattern index and uniformity increases with mild setback in advantages. Landscape heterogeneity reduced and landscape is tending towards stability. The effects of ecological protection are obvious.