Abstract: Based on Malmquist productivity index and the panel data of the 29 provinces within the period of 1996 to 2010, the author decomposed the agricultural TFP (total factor productivity) of China into Tch (technical change) and Ech (technical efficiency change) according to the constitutes and analyzed the convergence of agricultural TFP, Ech and Tch between different areas. The results indicate: (1) from the year 1996 to 2010, the agricultural TFP increases 4.1% per year on average, with the Tch 4.8% and the Ech - 0.7% . (2)The Ech accounts for 58% of the regional divergence of Chinese agricultural TFP and the Tch accounts for the left 42%. (3) The alternate high increase of Ech and Tch in the middle and west regions leads the long term convergence of Chinese agricultural TFP from“the ninth five year”to“the eleventh five year”.