Abstract: The paper evaluates quantitatively and contrasts internationally the international competitiveness of Chinese chestnut industry,and then analyzed deeply the factors of the international competitiveness of Chinese chestnut industry on the basis of Porter's diamond model,based on the data about chestnut trade from UNcomtrade online database in the period of 1992-2009. The result shows that Chinese chestnut industry has a strong international competitiveness from low labor costs and huge domestic market, but the traditional low-cost competitive advantage is gradually lost by the impact of rising labor costs and low scientific and technological innovation capability. Based on the conclusion, this article put forward some strategies to promote the international competitiveness of Chinese chestnut industry, including farmers training efforts to strengthen and enhancing the ability of technological innovation, the development of chestnut processing industry and the implementation of brand strategy