Abstract: with main ramie varieties in Hunan as the check varieties, the paper had carried on the comprehensive analysis of bast fiber cell development characteristics in new strain R057 of ramie. The studies showed that: the new strain R057 had good growth of bast fiber cell to cross section, which existed seasonal difference between the cell wall thickness and diameter size, and was of superiority to the check varieties in the properties of fiber fineness and strength. The number of nodules in segregation single fiber of new strain R057 was less, but the ratio of the cell wall to cavity and internode distance were larger significantly than the control. In new strain R057, the population density reached 22/ m2, higher than that of check verities, which means the higher power of division and had essential features of high yield and high quality of ramie breed