Abstract: Major grain producing areas have an important position and role in China's agricultural development, but major grain producing areas and sales areas are lack of interests of coordination mechanisms. The situation of“food province, industrial weak provinces, financial poor province”still exists. Integrating the development of grainproducing regions and the main sales areas, fully mobilizing the grain- producing regions local government to pay attention to food and the peasants’enthusiasm for growing grain, is the inevitable demand to ensure national food security. This article elaborated food security has properties of a quasi-public product, we must adhere to the principle of combination of market regulation and Government regulation to achieve the balance of food supply and demand; making an analysis of the food production situation and the interests compensation mechanism current of main producing areas and main sales areas, research showed current interests compensation mechanism was not reasonable between food main producing areas and main sales areas, presenting by adjusting the proportion of food grain risk fund, imposing a pigovian tax, determining reasonable compensation to the major grain producing areas to establish interest balancing mechanism of main grain producing areas and main sales areas