Abstract: The research bases on four kinds of mainly carbon source, chemical fertilizer, pesticide, farming film, agricultural diesel, calculating the amount of agricultural carbon emission in Hubei Province during the period 1993-2010, as well as 16 cities of Hubei Province in 2008. The results show that, (1) Longitudinal to see, the agricultural carbon emission in Hubei Province presents three- stage-characteristic，namely "rise-steady-rise", as well as the variety track on strength of carbon emission. (2) Crosswise to see, the regional difference is very obvious, Xiangfan and Huanggang are the zones of high-emission-amount as well as high-emission-intensity. Fore areas which including Suizhou are the zones of low-emission-amount as well as high-emission-intensity. Fore areas which including Yichang are the zones of high-emission-amount as well as low-emission-intensity. Six areas which including Shiyan are the zones of low-emission-amount as well as low-emission-intensity. Further more, we decomposed the affecting factor of carbon emission by using LMDI model. The results show that, compared with 1993, efficiency factor cut 87.30% carbon emission, labor factor cut 71.89% carbon emission as well as structure factor cut 13.69% carbon emission. While economy factor increased 269.28% carbon emission. Finally according to the conclusion of this study, we put forward some advices of reducing agricultural carbon emission in Hubei Province.