Abstract: Grain reserves are significant part of grain security system and an important way to balance grain supply and demand. At first, this paper describes the need for the control system of grain reserves, and it can effectively deal with uncertainty in climate change-induced disasters, world food prices responding to China's grain market transaction and the balance between supply and demand shocks and adjustment regional food supply and demand balance, easing domestic food supply and demand. Although it has relatively complete grain reserves and control system and improving abilities and technology of grain reserves in China, some issues are still existing, such as unreasonable structure and distribution of grain reserves, infrastructure of grain reserves to be backward, the condition of the peasant household to be bad, difficulty in coordination among different main-reserves. Then this paper analyzes the impact of grain reserves mainly related to factors such as grain production, grain consumption, grain prices, policy of grain reserves and food import and export trade and the international grain situation. Finally, from the grain reserve system, subject of bearing reserves, farmers reserve these facts this paper proposes strategies and suggestions of improving the control system of grain reserves to ensure grain security and stability.