Abstract: The contradiction between China's agricultural development and environmental resources has become increasingly prominent, and the most fundamental reason is the high-carbon agricultural model. High-carbon agriculture and climate change has posed a great threat to China's food security and sustainable agricultural development, however, the great progress of genetically modified technology(GMT) has strengthened our ability to deal with these challenges. This paper makes an in-depth research on the background, characteristics, and the necessity of the development of low-carbon agriculture in China under global climate change, and proves the enormous potential and effect of the transgenic technology in addressing climate change, alleviating resource and energy shortages, preventing environmental pollution, expanding agricultural carbon function and etc. In the end, some policies are proposed as how to accelerate the industrialization of GMT and the transformation of agricultural development in order to promote low-carbon agriculture development in China.