Abstract: This paper used the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), combined with GIS technology, analyzed regional pattern changes of grain production in Jiangxi Province from 1980 to 2009. Research showed that grain production of Jiangxi Province concentrated on the major grain-producing counties, Lake District and plain area in the study phase. The focus of grain production was all in Fengcheng City, shifted 2.09 km to the east-north direction in nearly 30 a. County grain production showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and significant global spatial clustering pattern. Counties fell into the quadrant of the HH and LL accounted for 49.45%, 59.34%, 58.24% and 71.43% of the total size in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2009, respectively. The significant local spatial clustering pattern was showed, the clustering power enhancing constantly. The grain production distributed mainly in the South of Poyanghu Plain high-yield (HH), including Nanchang County, Jinxian County, Gaoan City, Zhangshu City, Fengcheng City, Xingan County, Fuzhou Urban District and Dongxiang County. The counties of low-yield (LL) were less, only including Hukou County in 1980, and Hukou County, Xingzi County, Yongxiu County in 2000. The main factors which affected the regional pattern of grain production are grain sown area, the effective irrigated area, the total power of farm machinery, fertilizer application rate and so on.