Abstract: It seems long-term, arduous, complex and especial to alleviate poverty for state poverty countries in Xinjiang.Due to the special geographical environment, and ethnic composition, poverty is not only an economic problem in Xinjiang, but also social and political issues. This study found that most of state poverty countries located in the three south Xinjiang districts, there are higher poverty rate, minorities account for a higher proportion of poor population, and have high fiscal deficit, very prominent contradictions of unbalanced payments, as well as a strong dependence of superiors' finance. The paper classified state poverty countries in Xinjiang into six categories: ecological poverty, regional poverty, ethnic poverty, cultural and educational poverty, poverty caused by market competition, and institutional poverty， and on this basis, the paper discusses relevant countermeasures，such as effectively integrating various resources of poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation by empowerment, industrial poverty alleviation, technological poverty alleviation, the equalization of public services and so on.