Abstract: Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China grain consumption experienced 4 stages: starved, sustainable life, general better-off life, and complete better-off live. Through analysis of present grain consumption based on food function, variety structure, and food consumption in urban and rural areas, we get the long-term trends of China grain consumption: residents' food consumption structure will upgrade and become more diversified; total food consumption growth trends will be rigid; seeds and rations consumption will be in steady decline, while feed grains and industrial use of grain will grow rapidly; the consumption of rice and wheat tend to decrease, while that of corn and soybean will grow rapidly. Finally, the paper puts forward six countermeasures, such as use of cultivated land and water resource, promotion of agricultural science and technology, adjustment of grain production structure, implementation of agriculture subsidies, development of bio-energy and utilization of overseas agriculture resources.