高级检索

基于授权国家发明专利视角的土壤改良剂发展趋势

Analysis of soil amendment development trends from the perspective of granted Chinese invention patents

  • 摘要: 为系统揭示我国土壤改良剂技术的发展脉络,本研究以2008—2025年授权的682项中国发明专利为样本,采用专利计量与可视化方法,从授权趋势、申请主体、法律运营、原料组成、功能靶标、产品形态及技术主题等方面进行分析。结果表明:我国土壤改良剂专利发展经历了技术萌芽、平稳增长和快速发展三个阶段,2020年以后专利授权数量显著增加,多原料复配、功能微生物耦合和缓释控效逐渐成为重要研发方向。高校及科研院所与企业是主要创新主体,但专利分布较为分散,市场化运营行为总体有限。矿物原料、工农业固体废弃物和生物基质的使用比例分别为87.5%、75.7%和61.7%,66.5%的专利采用五种及以上原料,原料体系呈现多元复配特征,但部分配方仍存在简单组合和协同机理不清等问题。功能靶标以重金属污染修复、盐碱土壤改良和酸性土壤改良为主,占比分别为31.4%、29.2%和26.2%,并逐步拓展至连作障碍防控、土壤结构改良和保水保肥等领域。产品形态由粉状制剂向颗粒化、液体化和缓释长效化方向发展。关键词共现分析将相关技术归纳为障碍土壤基础治理、重金属钝化修复、作物提质增效和连作障碍防控四个主要集群。总体来看,我国土壤改良剂技术正向原料资源化、功能复合化和施用便利化方向发展,但专利运营、配方优化及长期田间验证仍需加强。本研究结果主要反映专利层面的技术研发趋势,可为土壤改良剂技术研发和专利布局提供参考。

     

    Abstract: To systematically reveal the development trends of soil amendment technologies in China, this study analyzed 682 Chinese invention patents granted between 2008 and 2025 using patentometrics and visualization methods. The analysis covered patent granting trends, applicants, legal status and operation, raw material composition, functional targets, product forms, and technological themes. The results showed that the development of soil amendment patents in China has undergone three stages: technological emergence, steady growth, and rapid development. The number of granted patents increased significantly after 2020, with multi-material blending, functional microbial coupling, and controlled-release and efficacy-control technologies gradually becoming important research directions. Universities, research institutes, and enterprises were the major innovation entities, but patent distribution was relatively fragmented, and market-oriented patent operations remained generally limited. Mineral raw materials, industrial and agricultural solid wastes, and biological substrates were used in 87.5%, 75.7%, and 61.7% of the patents, respectively, while 66.5% of the patents used five or more raw materials. The raw material systems thus showed a clear trend toward diversified blending, although some formulations still involved simple combinations and unclear synergistic mechanisms. The main functional targets were heavy metal pollution remediation, saline-alkali soil improvement, and acidic soil improvement, accounting for 31.4%, 29.2%, and 26.2% of the patents, respectively, with applications gradually expanding to continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control, soil structure improvement, and water and nutrient retention. Product forms have evolved from powdered formulations toward granulated, liquid, and controlled-release formulations with prolonged efficacy. Co-word analysis grouped the relevant technologies into four major clusters: basic management of problematic soils, heavy metal passivation and remediation, crop quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, and continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control. Overall, soil amendment technologies in China are developing toward greater resource utilization of raw materials, multifunctional integration, and more convenient application. However, patent commercialization, formulation optimization, and long-term field validation still need to be strengthened. The findings primarily reflect technological development trends at the patent level and can provide a reference for soil amendment technology development and patent portfolio planning.

     

/

返回文章
返回