Abstract: Improving agricultural energy resilience is an important foundation for ensuring national food and energy security and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2024, an evaluation index system for agricultural energy resilience was constructed from three dimensions: resistance and defense, recovery and adaptation, and improvement and regeneration. A two-way fixed effects model, mediation effect model, and threshold model were employed to examine the impact of digital rural development on agricultural energy resilience and its underlying mechanisms, with endogeneity, robustness, and regional heterogeneity tests also conducted. The results show that digital rural development significantly improves agricultural energy resilience and has positive effects on all three dimensions. The basic findings remain substantively unchanged after instrumental variable estimation and a series of robustness tests. Agricultural socialized services play a partial mediating role in the effect of digital rural development on agricultural energy resilience. The impact of digital rural development exhibits a single-threshold effect, with a stronger positive effect above the threshold. The subgroup regression results show that the positive effect is significant in the main grain-producing and main grain-consuming regions, but is not statistically significant in the grain production and consumption balanced regions. Based on these findings, efforts should be made to further strengthen rural digital infrastructure, promote the deep integration of digital technologies with agricultural socialized services, and implement differentiated development strategies according to agricultural production conditions in different regions, thereby continuously enhancing agricultural energy resilience.