Abstract: Developing agricultural new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions is not only a proactive response to the scientific and technological revolution, but also an urgent requirement for achieving high-quality agricultural development in China. It is of great strategic significance for comprehensively advancing rural revitalization. Based on the measurement of the level of agricultural new quality productivity, this paper adopts the perspective of new structural economics and applies the dynamic QCA method to examine the differentiated configurational paths leading to high levels of agricultural new quality productivity under the joint effects of factor endowment structure, effective market, and proactive government. The results show that: 1) No single antecedent variable constitutes a necessary condition for achieving a high level of agricultural new quality productivity, indicating that its formation is essentially the result of the joint effects of multiple conditions. 2) The improvement paths exhibit characteristics of conjunctural causation and equifinality. Across the three study periods, 3, 3, and 4 configurational paths are identified, respectively. Continuous support from the innovation environment, along with the coordinated roles of an effective market and a proactive government, demonstrates strong general applicability. 3) The configurational evolution shows significant dynamic features. The driving mechanism gradually shifts from innovation-driven dominance to market-led coordinated improvement, while the evolutionary trajectory follows a progressive path of innovation embedding, market strengthening, and financial linkage. 4) Regional attribution tests and path transition analysis indicate that these configurational paths exhibit a dynamic pattern characterized by initial concentration in the eastern region, cross-regional diffusion, and differentiation based on endowment conditions.