Abstract: Under the background of rural revitalization and common prosperity, how to promote the growth of rural collective economy through industrial development has become the focus of policy and academic attention. Based on the perspective of common prosperity, this paper analyzes the impact of rural tourism on the development of rural collective economy and its mechanism by using the data of China Rural Revitalization Comprehensive Survey (CRRS) at the village level. The results show that: 1) Rural tourism can effectively promote the development of rural collective economy under the goal of common prosperity, and has a significant positive impact on ' making a big cake' (wealth dimension) and ' allocating the cake ' (common dimension), which is an important starting point to promote the high-quality development of rural collective economy; 2) There is obvious heterogeneity in the impact of rural tourism on the development of rural collective economy: at the level of collective economic scale, high-scale rural collectives benefit significantly, while medium and low-scale groups have negative effects; in each group of villagers' personal income level, rural tourism has a positive impact on the collective economy; 3) The level of digital management can strengthen the driving effect of rural tourism on rural collective economy, but its role is highly dependent on the threshold of collective economic scale. Based on the research conclusions, the article puts forward policy recommendations: integrating collective resources to create characteristic cultural tourism formats, improving the tourism revenue sharing mechanism, promoting the construction of digital management system by classification, and gradient cultivating the strength of low-scale rural collective economy.