Abstract: In the context of a complex and volatile domestic and international economic environment, enhancing agricultural industrial resilience has become a key objective for promoting high-quality agricultural development. Agricultural geographical indications (AGIs), as an important institutional arrangement for strengthening agricultural branding and regional characteristic advantages, play a vital role in improving resilience. Based on panel data from 2,708 counties from 2000 to 2023, this study constructs an evaluation index system for agricultural industrial resilience and empirically examines the impact of AGIs. The results indicate that: 1) AGIs significantly enhance agricultural industrial resilience at the county level; 2) AGIs indirectly strengthen resilience through two mechanisms, including promoting agricultural specialization and agglomeration and improving green economic efficiency; and 3) the positive impact of AGIs is more evident in eastern regions and areas with lower levels of digital economic development. Based on these findings, this study recommends improving the AGI certification system, promoting specialized and agglomerated development, and strengthening green development orientation to fully realize the policy effectiveness of AGIs in enhancing agricultural industrial resilience.