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雇工约束对设施蔬菜产出效率的影响研究基于农时延误与技术替代的视角

The impact of hired labor constraints on production efficiency in protected vegetable cultivation: perspectives from agricultural timing delays and technological substitution

  • 摘要: 随着农业劳动力结构性短缺和雇工成本持续攀升,雇工问题已成为制约设施蔬菜产出效率的关键因素。破解雇工困境、提升产出效率,是实现耕地资源高效利用和增强设施农业经营效益的关键路径。本文从“雇工约束”视角出发,基于农时延误与技术替代的双重框架,利用河北省1 147个设施蔬菜种植户数据,系统探讨雇工约束对蔬菜产出效率的影响机制及劳动节约型技术的缓解作用。研究发现:1)现实中农户面临的主要障碍为“雇工约束”,即雇工供给不足、成本过高和监督困难,均显著抑制蔬菜产出效率;2)机制分析显示,雇工约束导致植株管理环节农时延误,进而降低单位面积产量;3)劳动节约型技术在一定程度上可缓解雇工约束的不利影响,且其替代年限越长、技术熟练度越高,正向调节作用越强;相比之下,单纯增加技术种类并不一定提升生产效率。据此,研究建议在推进设施农业现代化过程中,应正视农村劳动力配置的结构性矛盾,制定差异化技术管理策略,以提升资源利用效率,更好满足多元化的农业用工需求。

     

    Abstract: With the ongoing structural shortage of agricultural labor and rising hired labor costs, labor constraints have become a critical bottleneck restricting the output efficiency of protected vegetable. Improving output efficiency under such constraints is vital for ensuring the efficient use of arable land and enhancing the performance of protected agriculture. From the perspective of “hired labor constraints”, this study constructs a dual framework of agricultural timing delays and technological substitution, using data from 1,147 facility vegetable farmers in Hebei Province, China, to systematically examine the impact mechanisms of labor constraints on output efficiency and the moderating role of labor-saving technologies. The results show that: 1) Hired labor constraints, which are characterized by insufficient supply, elevated costs, and challenges in supervision, significantly reduce vegetable output efficiency. 2) Mechanism analysis reveals that labor constraints cause delays in crop management practices, which in turn reduce yield per unit area. 3) Labor-saving technologies play a positive moderating role in mitigating the negative effects of labor constraints, especially when used for more than five years, due to cumulative learning and proficiency effects. However, simply increasing the number or variety of technologies does not necessarily lead to sustained gains in productivity. Based on these findings, the study highlights the importance of addressing structural mismatches in rural labor allocation and formulating differentiated technical management strategies in the process of protected agriculture modernization, with the goal of improving resource use efficiency and meeting the diverse labor demands of modern agricultural production.

     

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