Abstract: The goal of evaluating the "10-year fishing ban" policy in the Yangtze River is to balance the needs of retired fishermen with the recovery of fishery resources. Key metrics for evaluating the policy include fishermen's intentionality and life satisfaction. Investigating the adaptation of fishing ban policy to the needs of fishermen is essential for establishing a sustainable long-term mechanism. This study examines 369 retired fishermen from 11 districts and counties in Hunan Province using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets (fsQCA), examining the impact of fishermen's resilience and policy tools on the long-term effects of fishing ban policy from a resilience governance perspective. The results show that: 1) Based on the typical experiences of Nanxian County, Xiangyin County, and Yuanjiang City, four different dominant types of long-term policy configurations are identified: positive attitude-network cooperation, learning ability-vocational training, network cooperation-industry support, and learning ability-network cooperation-policy interaction. The first configuration underscores fishermen's subjective initiative, while the second and third configurations investigate the alignment between fishermen's resilience and policy tools, and the fourth configuration assesses the effectiveness of policy combinations. 2) Network cooperation and learning ability are key variables leading to both efficient and inefficient policy configurations, highlighting their importance in enhancing policy effectiveness by strengthening fishermen's resilience. 3) Vocational training and industrial support policies serve as foundational elements for establishing a sustainable long-term fishing withdrawal mechanism, while ecological compensation and social security are auxiliary conditions with limited governance effects. Therefore, the study suggests prioritizing social network support, enhancing the rural learning environment, and exploring localized policy combinations.