Abstract: This study examines the impact of comprehensive land consolidation on the resilience of farmers' livelihoods, holding significant implications for scientifically assessing the practical effects of comprehensive land consolidation and achieving sustainable development in farmers' livelihoods. Utilizing survey data from farmers in selected counties of Hubei Province, we employ a difference-in-differences model to investigate the effects of comprehensive land consolidation on farmers' livelihood resilience. The baseline regression results demonstrate that comprehensive land consolidation significantly reduces the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods while markedly enhancing their adaptability and resilience. Robustness tests consistently affirm the validity of the research findings. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of comprehensive land consolidation on the resilience of different types of farmers follows a distinctive pattern: "low income-low dependence" > "high income-low dependence" > "low income-high dependence" > "high income-high dependence". Additionally, the influence varies based on topographical differences, with the resilience-enhancing effect of comprehensive land consolidation being more pronounced in plain regions compared to hilly areas. Consequently, a people-centric approach and the consolidation of farmers' livelihoods should guide comprehensive land consolidation. This involves adopting a systematic governance perspective that harmonizes and coordinates various elements, optimizing farmland functionality and efficiency comprehensively. The goal is to construct a sustainable land-use framework with minimal environmental risks. Simultaneously, it is imperative to concurrently pursue "blood transfusion" and "hematopoiesis" strategies, tailoring efforts to tap into regional industrial characteristics according to specific conditions. This approach is crucial for effectively mitigating the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods, reinforcing their inherent development capabilities, and realizing resilient development in farmers' livelihoods.