Abstract: Consolidating the foundation of grain security in an all-round way, it covers a wide range of areas, but farmland and seed are "two key points". From the view of ensuring grain security and building agricultural powerhouse, this paper seeks to explain the importance of holding on the "two key points", to reveal realistic problems, and to provide some policy suggestions. Results show that holing on the "two key points" is the intrinsic requirement and foundation for ensuring national grain security and building agricultural powerhouse. Currently, consolidating grain security's farmland foundation is faced with many realistic problems, including the total amount of farmland and reserve resources are insufficient, the proportion of area of high-quality farmland is low, the increasing degradation trend of farmland foundation is difficult to reverse, "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" transformation of farmland are hard to contain. Consolidating grain security's seed foundation also were faced with many realistic problems, including inadequate of protection and utilization of germplasm resources, inadequate of breeding innovation ability, "many mountains but few peaks" of seed industry enterprises, lack of R&D investment, and loose link between "industry-university-research". To consolidate grain security's farmland foundation, this paper suggesting: "protecting farmland like protecting a giant panda", holding the red line of farmland, improving the quality of farmland, resolutely curbing "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" transformation of farmland, and developing reasonable and orderly reserve farmland resources. In addition, this paper also suggests that consolidating grain security's seed foundation is to pursue vitalization of seed industry, to control the core crop seed source, to hold fast to master the breed, and to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening of the seed industry.