Abstract: China is a large producer of bamboo shoots and the country with the largest amount of fertilizers applied to bamboo forests. Fertilization not only increases the yield of bamboo shoots, but also has an important impact on the soil environment of bamboo forests. This paper interpreted the effects of fertilization on the yield and quality of bamboo shoots and soil environment, and discussed the nutrient management measures of bamboo forests for green and sustainable development by integrating and analyzing the literature in the last ten years. The results showed that rational and optimized fertilization significantly promoted the growth of bamboo shoots, and the average increase rate of the diameter at breast height was 5.5%~33.3%, while the increase rate of the yield of bamboo shoots was 56.0%~497%. Fertilization increased the selenium content, total amino acid nitrogen content and total sugar content of bamboo shoots, and thus improved the quality of bamboo shoot. Unreasonable fertilization of bamboo forests decreased soil carbon and nitrogen storage, enhanced soil acidification, reduced biodiversity and activities of soil microbes, and caused non-point pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metal pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and other ecological and environmental problems. Specific suggestions for optimizing fertilization and improving soil environment of bamboo forests were put forward, e.g., strengthening soil quality monitoring and soil fertility improvement, optimizing nutrient management of bamboo forests, and enhancing farmers' awareness of scientific fertilization.