Abstract: The supply of agricultural productive services is an important means to improve productivity of rural households and to modernize agriculture. It is of great significance to evaluate the effects of agricultural productive services on rural households' income to provide empirical evidence for agricultural modernization decisions. Based on the theory of specialized division and a survey data from 1 037 rural households in Chifeng City, this paper analyzed the effects of agricultural productive services on rural households' productive and operating income, the income effect difference in agricultural and pastoral areas, and its mechanism. Results show that the supply rate of agricultural productive services in Chifeng City is relatively low. The supply rates of agricultural materials services, water conservancy services, and processing services are 38.09%, 56.99%, and 46.96%, respectively. In agricultural areas, the median incomes of rural households with agricultural material service and water conservancy service increased by 5 760 yuan and 3 060 yuan, respectively. In pastoral areas, the median income of rural households who was provided with water conservancy services and processing services increased by 15 880 yuan and 26 360 yuan, respectively. The provision of agricultural materials, water conservancy and processing services has a significant role in promoting the productive and operating income of rural households. The more complete the service links, the more significant rural households' income increases. The provision of agricultural materials and water conservancy services has a significant positive impact on the income of rural households in agricultural areas. Processing services have a significant positive impact on rural households in pastoral areas. The service level represented by the service quantity has an income-increasing effect on both of them. The study shows that the supply of water conservancy services in the village provides a preferable external environment for the land transfer, which benefits the land transfer and leads to improvement of the productive and operating income of rural households. However, the effects of agricultural material services and processing services on land transfer are not significant. To meet the needs of rural households of different production types, the construction of agricultural productive service system should be strengthened, and a land transfer policy coordinated with agricultural productive services should be formulated.