Abstract: With the development of waterfowl industry, the advantages of large-scale breeding of meat ducks are becoming more and more obvious. Analyzing the role of cooperative organizations in the improvement of technical efficiency is of great practical significance to promote scattered small-scale farms to realize the large-scale production and to promote the development of modern technology. Based on a survey data of the national waterfowl industry system in 6 provinces in China, this paper examined the breeding technical efficiency of meat ducks by the stochastic frontier model (SFA) and the C-D production function. In addition, this paper also applied the multivariate linear model to compare the differences in breeding technical efficiency between decentralized and cooperative meat duck farms to analyze the influencing factors. Results show that the average technical efficiency of decentralized farms was 0.806 and that of cooperative farms was 0.826. The technical efficiency of cooperative farms was relatively high with significant differences in the technical efficiency, output value, capital investment, and labor input between cooperative farms and decentralized farms. Factor analysis found that the three indicators of labor input, duckling cost, and feed cost have the greatest impacts on the output efficiency of decentralized farm. Improving the degree of cooperative organization can positively regulate the breeding cycle, feed-meat ratio, education level, and other factors of meat ducks, and then act on the technical efficiency of meat duck breeding through these factors. The above results suggest that improving the enthusiasm of decentralized farms to join the organizational cooperation can effectively promote the two sides to reach a good cooperative relationship and further help decentralized farms to improve the technical efficiency of meat duck industry.