Abstract: On the basis of reviewing literature on agricultural modernization, a comprehensive index evaluation system for agricultural modernization was established. By using such a system, the spatial-temporal dynamics and features of agricultural modernization in the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) were analyzed based on the entropy-based grey relational model and the spatial analysis. From the temporal perspective, the comprehensive level of agricultural modernization increased gradually from 1995 to 2011, with a rapid growth since 2002, except for a slight decline in 1997. The agricultural economic development level and the agricultural production infrastructure modernization level grew stably. The rural social development level and the overall level changed similarly, with a decreasing trend since 2008. The agricultural ecological environment level fluctuated largely and showed an unstable state. From the spatial perspective, the difference of agricultural modernization level between Zhengzhou-Jiaozuo-Xiangyang and other regions was large. A small difference was observed for other regions. The hierarchy level of agricultural modernization was not obvious. From the entire distribution pattern perspective, the regions of the last three types were highly dominated and covered a wide range of areas. The regions of the first and second levels had a small number and mostly concentrated in the north of Zhengzhou. The distribution pattern of the whole region is extremely unbalanced, and the local variability was very large. Based on the results of the data analysis carried out in this study, the suggestion for the CPER positioning and propulsion was made from the spatial-temporal perspective.