Abstract: With the fast development of agricultural modernization in China, training new-type professional farmers plays a critical role in this process, especially from the human capital perspective. Using higher agricultural vocational colleges in Hunan Province as an example, this paper analyzed the advantages, the training models, and the problems of new-type professional farmers training in these higher agricultural vocational colleges, and explored the ways and countermeasures of how to provide proper training for new-type professional farmers. Results show that most of the cities in Hunan Province have established infrastructures for the new-type professional farmers training in higher agricultural vocational colleges, which have many advantages in this area, including the talents and resources, positioning, and policies. The training models mainly include using school practice and training fields, organizing experts to the countryside, integrating national project resources, providing “distance education”, and training agricultural machinery promoting staff and professionals, etc. While at the same time, problems exist for these trainings, such as outdated training theory and methodology, lack of practical skill trainings, and insufficient investment on training infrastructures, etc. This paper suggests that strengthening the establishment of the training platform, enhancing the training forces, increasing policy support, and encouraging innovative propaganda for professional trainings are necessary to improve the development path for new-type professional farmer training in high agricultural vocational colleges.