Abstract: The analysis of the productivity gap between China’s and US’s live pig industries can help us find out the growth potential of China’s live pig industry. Based on the main production input data of live pig industries in both countries, this paper compared the partial factor productivity(PFP) and the changing trend of each main input in both countries and examined the growth potential of PFP in China. This paper also compared the total factor productivity (TFP) in both countries. Results show that: 1) the PFPs of feed, labor, and breeding pig in China are significantly lower than that in the United States; 2) the PFPs of fuel and equipment are opposite; 3) the PFPs health and epidemic prevention investments in both countries are roughly same; 4) the changing trends of PFPs of 4 inputs except for breeding pig in both countries are roughly same; 5) the PFP of breeding pig in the US shows growing trend and China shows the opposite; and 6) the TFP level of live pig industry in China is significantly lower than that in the United States. The results suggest there are large spaces to improve the PFPs of feed, labor, and breeding pig in China, as well as the mechanization level of the live pig industry in China. In order to improve the productivity of live pig industry in China, it is suggested the measures that can transform the mode of industrial development, to improve the utilization ratio of the inputs, to optimize configuration of inputs are necessary.