Abstract: The obstacles and the sustainable development strategies of livelihood transformation for the involuntary migrants have been the focus in academia. Based on the survey data about ecological migration of seven immigrant settlement regions in Daerhanmaomingan Union Banner in Inner Mongolia, this paper conducted the empirical analysis of the obstacles of livelihoods transformation for involuntary migrants from the cognitive perspective of ecological migration, and discussed how to obtain external helps for the involuntary migrants. Results indicate that ecological migration are facing a lots of obstacles, including the shortages of capital, non-agricultural employment opportunities, the lack of different sources of revenue, and difficulties in agricultural production and in their daily life. Migrants reported that they have serious concerns about their future, including future sources of revenue, increasing living expenses, and losing government subsidies, etc. The migrants also expressed their expectations for the Government, including increasing subsidies for pastures, providing more non-agricultural employment opportunities, and providing more loan to help improve grazing land. It is suggested that in order to improve the sustainable development of livelihood transformation for ecological migration, the government may pay more attention to the establishment of convenient service system for agricultural enterprises, encourage the innovation of resource dependent livelihood model, and enhance the livelihood diversification for more non-agricultural employment.