张家界市农田生态系统服务功能价值损益特征分析
Farmland ecosystem function service values in Zhangjiajie City
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摘要: 张家界市作为国家级武陵山区生物多样性及水土保持生态功能区主体所在地,其农田生态系统服务理应实现多功能化。基于张家界市2006-2012年统计数据和农田环境实地调查资料,采用生态系统服务功能价值评价方法,从服务功能惠益价值、环境损害治理成本和服务功能净效益三个方面,对其现存农田生态系统服务功能价值损益进行了估算,客观定量评价其现存农田生态系统多功能服务的价值。结果表明,2006-2012年张家界市农田生态系统年均服务惠益值为28.40亿元,年均环境损害治理成本值为0.59亿元,年均服务功能净效益值为27.81亿元。其中,服务惠益价值的95.67%源自于产品生产、光合释氧、养分循环和综合固定CO2等4项服务功能的贡献,而环境损害治理成本的91.52%由温室气体排放、化肥面源污染和农药面源污染造成。服务功能价值损益的时空变化分析结果表明,张家界市各县区之间,农田生态系统服务功能惠益价值和环境损害治理成本均存在显著或极显著差异,2006-2012年服务功能惠益价值呈下降的趋势,而环境损害治理成本基本保持不变。Abstract: As the main location of National Wuling Mountain Ecological Function Zone for Biodiversity and Conservation of Water and Soil, farmland ecosystem should have multiple service functions in Zhangjiajie City. Profit and loss values of farmland ecosystem function service in Zhangjiajie City were estimated from three aspects; service function benefit, governance cost of damaged environment and net benefit of function service. Please provide more information of the evaluation method. The results indicate that from 2006 to 2012, the annual average of service function benefits, the annual average of governance cost for damaged environment and the annual average of net benefit from service function was 28.40, 0.59 and 27.81 billion Yuan respectively. Among them, 95.67% of the service function benefits were contributed by planting production, photosynthetic oxygen release, nutrient cycling and integrated fixed CO2. 91.52% of governance costs for damaged environment were caused by greenhouse gas emissions, chemical fertilizer pollution and pesticide pollution. Temporal and spatial variations of the profit and loss values of farmland ecosystem function service showed that the annual averages of service function benefits and governance cost for damaged environment were significantly different among all the counties and districts of Zhangjiajie City. There were significant negative correlations between annual average of service function benefits and time however the negative correlation between governance cost for damaged environment and time was not significant from2006 to 2012.
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