Abstract: The science and technology(S&T) statistics of large and medium industrial enterprises in 2004-2010 were used. We analyzed the differences between agro-industrial enterprises and national industrial enterprises in investment of research and development(R&D) funding and staff, patent applications, economic benefit of new products. And the capability and its trends of S&T innovation of agro-industrial enterprises were discussed. The results indicated that the R&D personnel full time equivalent and R&D funding increased by 16.9% and 22.4% per year during the 7 years, respectively. As a result, the research outputs and its economic benefit increased obviously. That the patent application, patent of invention application and patents number of agro-industrial enterprises increased by 24.5%, 28.1% and 25.9% per year during the 7 years, respectively. Moreover, the proportions of new products in sale revenue and export revenue were increased from 9.0% to 11.2% and from 6.8% to 10.7% during the 7 years, respectively. However, compared with the average level of national industrial enterprises, the gaps in S&T innovation inputs and its economic benefit, especially in new products with international competitiveness were observed. Therefore, further increase in S&T investment, aggrandizement in S&T achievements transformation and improvement of S&T innovation quality was needed for promoting the competitive force of agro-industrial enterprises.